![]() Steinberg (Eds.), Cognitive processes in writing (pp. The dynamics of composing: Making plans and juggling constraints. Sternberg (Eds.), How much and how can intelligence be increased? (pp. Teaching the process of reading comprehension. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.Ĭollins, A., & Smith, E. Orasanu (Ed.), A decade of reading research: Implications for practice (pp. Teaching reading and writing with personal computers. The computer modeling of mathematical reasoning. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 1, 179–201.īundy, A. Process versus product: A perspective on tools for communal and informal electronic learning. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.īrown, J. Glaser (Ed.), Advances in instructional psychology (Vol. Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc.īrown, A. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills (Vol. Cognitive coping stategies and the problem of “inert knowledge”. Cognition & Instruction, 2, 131–156.īereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. Use of thinking aloud in identification and teaching of reading comprehension strategies. Boulder: University of Colorado.īereiter, C., & Bird, M. In Proceedings of the sixth annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. Cognitive principles in the design of computer tutors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.Īnderson, J. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Particularly in the arena of the cognitive sciences, computational techniques have proved to be powerful tools for both experimental and theoretical investigations of the mind. The use of this medium for process modeling has radically changed the nature of many current theories in both the physical and social sciences. In part because computation is itself dynamic, it provides an ideal medium for representing and testing richer, more varied, and more detailed theories of process. Computation provided formal languages that are more flexible than mathematics but just as precise. ![]() Before powerful computers became readily available as scientific tools, process models were expressed in mathematical languages, such as differential equations- languages primarily effective in capturing a static “snapshot” of a process. One effect of this can be seen vividly in the sciences, where computers and computational languages have improved our ability to develop and test process theories of complex natural phenomena. A unique aspect of computers is that they not only represent process but also naturally keep track of the actions used to carry out a given task, so that the process with its trace can become an object of study in its own right. ![]()
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